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KELAS : 4EA19
MATA KULIAH : BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2# SOFTSKILLS
DOSEN : NOVIANA LATIFA
PASSIVE
VOICE
1.
Refrensi Internet
A.
The meaning of Passive voice
The passive voice is a grammatical construction
(specifically, a "voice"). The noun or noun phrase that would be the
object of an active sentence (such as Our troops defeated the enemy) appears as
the subject of a sentence with passive voice (e.g. The enemy was defeated by
our troops).
B. Use
of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is
not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In
the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not
know, however, who did it.
Sometimes
a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following
example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In
this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame
anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
C. Formula
Passive voice :
Subject + be + Verb3 + by
+ Object + modifier
Example: A letter was written.
D. When rewriting active sentences in
passive voice, note the following:
- the object of the active sentence
becomes the subject of the passive sentence
2 -
the finite form of the verb is
changed (to be + past participle)
3 -
the subject of the active sentence
becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped).
Examples of Passive
Tense
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
|
Simple
Present
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
writes
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
is
written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Simple
Past
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
wrote
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
was
written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Present
Perfect
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
has
written
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
has
been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Future
I
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
will
write
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
will
be written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Hilfsverben
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
can
write
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
can
be written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Examples of Passive
Tense
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
|
Present
Progressive
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
is
writing
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
is
being written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Past
Progressive
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
was
writing
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
was
being written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Past
Perfect
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
had
written
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
had
been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Future
II
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
will
have written
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
will
have been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Conditional
I
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
would
write
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
would
be written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Conditional
II
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
would
have written
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
would
have been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Passive Sentences with Two Objects
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive
voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one
remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you
want to put the focus on.
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
1
|
Object
2
|
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
wrote
|
a
letter
|
to
me.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
was
written
|
to
me
|
by
Rita.
|
Passive:
|
I
|
was
written
|
a
letter
|
by
Rita.
|
As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does
not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes
the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object
(transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Example: They build houses. – Houses are
built.
Verbs
without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive
sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive
sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need
an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal
Passive.
Example: he says – it is said
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in
some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception
(e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer
than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive
is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Example: They say that women live longer
than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the
beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice.
The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to'
(certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).
Sometimes
the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect
object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.
Refrensi Internet :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice
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